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Art in the 20th. century

Indisposition and crisis are keywords for art and literature in Europe at the turn of the century.
Progressive art like Futurism, Surrealism, Pop- art or informal art starts to replace the idea of beauty.
Artists start to experiment by pictuing the ugly or by creating extremely rational art.
Between the years of 1900 and 1920 art changes. People start to mistrust reality and artists react by showing what eyes could not seize.
One of the new styles created was called FUTURISM. Futurists like Balla, Boccioni, Carra, Russolo and Severini tried to interpret a new reality that was determined by culture, industry, myths, scelerity and dynamic and progress. The end of this creativ process was the simultanous portrayal of different sections of movement.

EXPRESSIONISM: The object of this art was to show subjective emotions provoked by reality rather than reality itself. Expressionism is actually a German phenomoenon. ( Movements like Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der blaue Reiter (The blue horseman) had a lot of influence over the artists in the U.S.A.)

METAPHYSICAL ART: origined in 1910. This style was shaped by the art of Giorgio De Chirico. He was influenced by Nietsche and the composer Schopenhauer. Metaphysical art leaves the level of reality and appeares at the same time as the dadaistic science. It is said to be the precursor of Surrealism.

Unconsciouseness and dreams, both elements of the Surrealism, are portrayed by Giorgio De Chirico.
In the years of 1930 and 1940 the Expressionism was used as a means of expressing political as well as artistical indisposition.
The name of this movement was CORRENTE (1938). The leader of the Corrente was Renato Guttoso. He modified Pablo Picassos paintings in order to emphasize its contents. Crocifissione (Crucifiction) is his most popular work..
L´ARTE INFORMALE: (informal art) In the years of 1945 and 1960 it joins the abstract art in Europe. It does not only despise the rules of reality but also the rules of structure and material. Aldo Burri is one famous represent of this form of art, Lucio Fontana as well.He cuts and pierces the canvas to create an unidentifiable sphere.

Between 1950 and 1960 however artists start to resumptmore reality related forms of art.

POP ART vacillates between violation and gloryfication of the pictures in T.V. comics and advertisements. In Europe POP- Art has a more ironic and intellectual character. It is also used as a means of condemning the exploition of the artists.

The POSTMODERN ART was some kind of critic reminiscence of the Experimentalism.

Today the Realism of the 1920s alternates with Cubism and Expressionism.